1.
Definition
a.
Because
Because is a conjunction, used
at the beginning of clause, before a subject and verb or it introduces a clause
with a subject and verb.
The pattern : Because + subject + verb
Example
:
·
because
is conjunction:
we were late because it rained
conjuction
·
because
is used at the begining of clause:
I’m happy because I
met you.
Clause
·
because is used before subject and verb:
Because
I worked
fast, I finished early.
Subject verb
b.
Because
of
Because of is
a preposition, and is followed by a noun phrase or verb-ing. Because
and because of are both used to introduce reasons.
The pattern : Because
of + object
Example:
·
Because of is preposition:
The schools were closed because of snow
Preposition
·
Because of is followed
by a noun phrase :
We were late because of the
rain
N.
Phrase
·
Because is followed
verb-ing
I was so tired because of studying
Verb-ing
c.
The
Differences
|
Because
|
Because of
|
Example
|
|
conjunction
|
preposition
|
·
I’m angry because she lied to me.
·
Because
of his laziness, he’ll never get the job.
|
|
At the begining of clause
|
Followed by N.phrase
|
·
He’ll never get the
job because he’s lazy.
·
They decided to stay
at home because of the weather.
|
|
Before subject and verb
|
Followed by verb-ing
|
·
Because
he felt ill, he didn’t go the
party.
·
Because
of feeling
ill, he didn’t go to the party.
|
In spite of and Despite
1.
Definition
a. Despite
Despite is prepositions that used to
express contrast. Despite
might be considered to be a slightly more formal variation and is used more
commonly in written English.
Example:
·
Despite his physical
handicap, He has become a succesful businessman.
·
She bought a new pair
of shoes despite the fact that she already had 97 pairs.
b. In spite of
Definitely in spite of and despite are the same. Despite and in
spite of are followed in English by a noun, pronoun.
Example :
·
Nana will be admitted
to the university in spite of her bad
grades.
·
in spite of his
physical handicap, he has become a succesful businessman.
2.
The Using Of
In spite of and despite
a.
In spite of is used as
a prepotition. In spite of + noun means almost same as althought + clause.
e.g . We went out in
spite of the rain ( =...... althought it was raining. )
b.
In spite of is the
opposite of because of.
e.g she passed her
exams in spite of her teacher. ( she had a bad teacher )
she passed her exams
because of her teacher. ( she had a good teacher ).
c.
In spite of cannot be
followed directly by that – clause. In stead we can use in spite of the fact
that.
e.g. He is a good
company in spite of the fact that he talks all the time.
Note
Formal English, despite
can be used in the same way as in spite of.
Example:
Despite his physical handicap,
1st idea
He has become a succesful businessman.
2nd idea
Let’s
look the meaning from the sentences above. In meaning of 1st idea
stated there is physical handicap than 2nd idea
stated a successful. Both of the ideas express there is a contrast. Using Of ‘despite ‘could be changed with
‘ in spite of ‘. Without there’s
not different meaning.
Example:
in
spite of his physical
handicap, he has become a succesful businessman.
In
spite of Noun Phrase
Nana will be admitted
to the university despite her bad
grades.
Noun phrase
Sita went on working in spite of feeling unwell.
Sita went on working despite feeling unwell.
Based
on example above, so we can conclude that “ despite “ and “ in spite of “ are similar.
3.
Similarity of Despite although in spite of :
a. Express a contrast.
Example:
Despite
his
physical handicap, He
has become a succesful businessman
b. ‘ despite’
although’ in spite of ‘ followed by noun phrase (no sentence)
c. Used at the beginning or in the middle of sentence,
but always used before noun phrase.
d. Both of them can change each other without different
meaning.
4. Here are other examples:
1. Using “despite” or “inspite of” at the last phrase with a pronoun that follows –
a. (Using despite) The blue team lost the game despite their one-week practice.
b. (Using inspite of) The blue team lost the game inspite of one-week practice.
2. Using “despite” or “inspite of” with a verb ending in “ing” –
a. (Using despite) Despite continuing protest by the people Arroyo has remained steadfast in power.
b. (Using inspite of) Inspite of continuing protest by the people Arroyo has remained steadfast in power.
3. Using “despite” and “inspite of” followed by a proper noun (name of person) –
1. Using “despite” or “inspite of” at the last phrase with a pronoun that follows –
a. (Using despite) The blue team lost the game despite their one-week practice.
b. (Using inspite of) The blue team lost the game inspite of one-week practice.
2. Using “despite” or “inspite of” with a verb ending in “ing” –
a. (Using despite) Despite continuing protest by the people Arroyo has remained steadfast in power.
b. (Using inspite of) Inspite of continuing protest by the people Arroyo has remained steadfast in power.
3. Using “despite” and “inspite of” followed by a proper noun (name of person) –
a. (Using despite) Despite Maria having a fever she
walked down the street through the rains.
b. (Using inspite of) Inspite of Maria having a fever she walked down the street through the rains.
4. Using “despite” and “inspite of” followed by the phrase “the fact that” --
a. (Using despite) Despite the fact that Maria was having a fever she walked down the street through the rains.
b. (Using inspite of) Inspite of the fact that Maria was having a fever she walked down the street through the rains.
b. (Using inspite of) Inspite of Maria having a fever she walked down the street through the rains.
4. Using “despite” and “inspite of” followed by the phrase “the fact that” --
a. (Using despite) Despite the fact that Maria was having a fever she walked down the street through the rains.
b. (Using inspite of) Inspite of the fact that Maria was having a fever she walked down the street through the rains.
5. Note :
1.
“DESPITE” stands alone.
2.
“INSPITE” and “OF” always go together and they are NOT separable. It is always
“INSPITE OF.”
3.
What follows “despite” or “inspite of” is only either of the four: (a) proper
noun; (b) pronoun; (c) verb ending in “-ing”;
and (d) the phrase “the fact that.”
4.
“Despite” or “inspite of” can be used in the first or second phrase.
5. “Despite of” or “in despite
of” are incorrect usages.
6. Both are followed by a
noun, pronoun or –ing verb form.
7. Although, though and
even though are alternatives that are formed using different grammar.
8. Despite and in spite of
can both be used in the first or second clause of a sentence
DIFFERENT
FROM AND DIFFERENT
Different
and different from have the same meaning, but different from used between two nouns compared and different is used
after the two nouns or a plural noun.
1.
Different
Different is used after the two
nouns or plural noun.
EXAMPLE :
·
This coat and that one
are different
·
These coats are
different.
·
Although they are both
weekly news magazines, Time and Newsweek are
different in several ways
Remember : avoid using different between the
two nouns compared.
2.
Different
from
Different
from is used between two nouns compared
EXAMPLE :
· This
coat is different from that one.
·
Athough they are both
weekly news magazines, Time is differnt from Newsweek in sseveral ways.
·
A nursery school is different
from a day care center.
Different
is not a comparative word, but rather one of contrast
BIBLIOGRAPHY
